In June 2024, the fourth Geneva Human Rights Dialogue focused on the right to education. The event was held at the International Bureau of Education (IBE), a UNESCO Category I institute, in Geneva.

Organized in partnership with the Swiss Commission for UNESCO, UNESCO, the University of Geneva, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), and the REGARD network, the Dialogue brought together more than 40 experts from United Nations agencies, NGOs, academia, and the private sector.

The right to education is a fundamental human right, essential for personal and societal development. Yet, despite national commitments and international support mechanisms, millions of people around the world still face barriers to accessing quality education due to persistent structural inequalities. These challenges are further intensified by trends such as privatization, digitalization — including the development of artificial intelligence — and the growing impact of crises, notably armed conflicts and climate change.

Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The discussions explored trends, challenges, and opportunities related to equitable access to quality education. Particular attention was given to:

• the effects of privatization on the right to education;
• the impact of digitalization and AI;
• education in crisis situations;
• the effectiveness of human rights mechanisms and partnerships in addressing these challenges.

The Dialogue aimed to contribute to ongoing reflections on strengthening the right to education in the context of evolving global challenges, while supporting UNESCO’s “Evolving Right to Education Initiative” and the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education.

The outcomes of the discussions were published in a synthesis report highlighting key lessons learned and recommendations for reinforcing the right to education. A written report and an audiovisual report are available below.

Extending the Dialogue: A Side Event at the Social Forum

The discussions initiated during the 2024 Geneva Human Rights Dialogue on the Right to Education continued beyond the event itself. In October 2025, the Swiss Commission for UNESCO, in partnership with UNESCO, the University of Geneva and academic partners, co-organised an official side event of the Human Rights Council Social Forum entitled “Enhancing the Right to Education: Emerging Challenges and Enabling Factors.” The event built directly on the findings and recommendations of the Geneva Dialogue and contributed to broader multilateral discussions on the evolving challenges facing the right to education.

Bringing together representatives of governments, international organisations, academia and civil society, the side event explored how inequalities, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, underfunding, conflict and climate change are reshaping education systems and affecting the enjoyment of the right to education. Particular emphasis was placed on the need to strengthen cooperation between research, policy and human rights mechanisms in order to ensure inclusive, equitable and quality education for all.

The side event also illustrated the broader ambition of the Geneva Human Rights Dialogues: to serve as a platform connecting academic expertise, multilateral institutions and national stakeholders, while fostering practical exchanges on the implementation of human rights across UNESCO’s fields of competence.